Pressure dependency of the membrane structure parameter and. Membrane technology covers all engineering approaches for the transport of substances between two fractions with the help of permeable membranes. New class of pressuredriven membrane processes that lies. Osmotically driven membrane processes odmps including forward osmosis fo and pressure retarded osmosis pro have attracted increasing attention in fields such as water treatment, desalination, power generation, and life science. Pressure driven membrane processes 1 introduction pressure driven membrane processes are widely used in almost all kinds of chemical, pharmaceutical, food and dairy industries. The transport of substances through a membrane and its separation properties change significantly when pressure driven membrane processes are carried out in an electric field ref. In general, mechanical separation processes for separating gaseous or liquid streams use membrane technology.
Energies free fulltext factors affecting the performance. Microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reversed osmosis are pressure driven processes. Pressure driven membrane processes pdf free download. In contrast to pressure driven membrane processes where you have a volume flux through the membrane. Treatment of the concentrate is a major hurdle for the implementation of pressure driven membrane processes since the concentrate is usually. In this book we will focus on pressure driven membrane processes, in which the flux through the membrane is induced by a hydrostatic pressure gradient between the bulk solution and the permeate side.
Separationbasics new membrane amp process development membrane separation processes general books membrane separation processes by kaushik nath pdf pressure driven membrane processes kosalmath download free books at bookboon pressure. Reuse, treatment, and discharge of the concentrate of. Metal oxide nps can be used to hydrophilize the membrane surface to improve the antifouling performance. Download pressure driven membrane processes by soren prip beier. Increasingly stringent regulations for drinking and waste waters, deterioration of water resources, emphasis on water for reuse have made membrane processes more viable as treatment processes. Pressure driven membrane processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and. Transport of mass and mechanical energy can be expresses as follows. Thus the applied driving force is a voltage difference and the components that are removed are ions. A membrane process is capable of performing a certain separation by use of a membrane.
Advances in membrane technologies for water treatment. The invention provides a process for purifying water containing soluble species capable of forming one or more sparingly soluble salts or minerals, said process comprising feeding a pressurized water stream into a treatment zone having one or more membranes disposed therein, passing said stream along said membrane s to recover a permeate and to withdraw a concentrate therefrom while. In this book, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis will be introduced. The hydraulic energy required for the pressure driven membrane process can be minimized by developing membranes with pores optimized for the inherent characteristics of draw solutes, such as molecular size and charge, since the separation mechanisms of those membrane processes are primarily based on size exclusion. This material is available free of charge via the internet at pdf. Previous membrane design has focused on creating highly selective and permeable membranes for use in pressuredriven membrane processes. Fundamentals of pressuredriven membrane separation. By applying pressure the water flows through the membrane and components with a certain size are retained. The hydraulic energy required for the pressuredriven membrane process can be minimized by developing membranes with pores optimized for the inherent characteristics of draw solutes, such as molecular size and charge, since the separation mechanisms of those membrane processes are primarily based on size exclusion. Aug 02, 2003 application of pressure driven membrane processes microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis results in the generation of a large concentrated waste stream, the concentrate fraction, as a byproduct of the purification process. Flux, transmembrane pressure, osmotic pressure, osmotic pressure model. Pressure dependency of the membrane structure parameter and implications in pressure retarded osmosis pro, osmotically driven membrane processes approach, development and current status, hongbo du, audie thompson and xinying wang, intechopen, doi. The core in a membrane process is a membrane that allows certain components to pass while retaining other components. Following on from the work presented in part i, this part ii paper presents a new mathematical description for water and solute transfer in pressuredriven membrane separation processes, the.
Safe drinking water is essential membrane processes. Electrically driven membrane processes are widely used to remove charged components from a given feed solution or suspension. I membrane separation technologies takeshi matsuura encyclopedia of life support systems eolss membrane separation technologies takeshi matsuura department of chemical engineering, university of ottawa, ottawa, ont. Osmotically driven membrane processes approach, development. Pressuredriven membrane process an overview sciencedirect. Fouling and cleaning in pressure driven membrane processes. Pdf the paper presents usefulness of membrane processes ultrafiltration uf and nanofiltration nf for. In many situations membrane technology can provide solutions to water treatment problems.
Membrane processes do not require heating, which makes the process suitable for the treatment of thermolabile products. Differs from all other membrane processes because of the phase changeof the permeate. Following on from the work presented in part i, this part ii paper presents a new mathematical description for water and solute transfer in pressure driven membrane separation processes, the. Membrane processes are key unit operations in almost all parts of the chemical, biochemical, and pharmaceutical downstream processing. Pressure driven membrane processes hailienene foundation. Download free ebooks at pressure driven membrane processes 4 1 introduction pressure driven membrane processes are widely used in almost all kinds of chemical, pharmaceutical, food and dairy industries. Forward osmosis fo and pressure retarded osmosis pro have gained attention recently as potential processes to solve water and energy scarcity problems with advantages over pressure driven membrane processes. Membrane filtration rochester institute of technology. Membrane processes are key unit operations in almost all parts of the chemical, biochemical.
Pressure driven membrane processes 6 in this text we will focus on the pressure driven membrane processes, in which the flux through the membrane is induced by a hydrostatic pressure difference between the bulk solution and the permeate side. Applications of membrane processes to the downstream processing of biological products are presented, namely cell harvesting by micrifiltration, protein transmission and recovery from whole fermentation broths and cell. Pressure driven membrane processes are used in the food, biotech, bio chemical pharmaceutical and many other industries. Flux, trans membrane pressure, osmotic pressure, osmotic pressure model, resistance towards mass transport, concentration polarization, gel layer model, and membrane fouling are all important terms that will be explained and described all in an easy understandable way with many illustrations and examples on a bachelor or master of science level. The figure shows the size of components passing each type of membrane. Pressure driven membrane processes are widely used in the chemical, biochemical. The use of electric current for enhancing the efficiency of. Pressuredriven membrane processes, such as ro, nf, and uf, have been. The four main methods of pressuredriven membrane filtration are microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, in order of decreasing pore. These processes can be designed to produce bioenergy and clean water at the same time i. Fundamentals of pressuredriven membrane separation processes. Membrane types pressure driven membrane processes lowpressure membranes microfiltration mf and ultrafiltration uf highpressure membranes reverse osmosis ro and nanofiltration nf current driven membrane processes electrodialysis ed and electrodialysis reversal edr. Advances in membrane technologies for water treatment 1st. The concept of membrane processes is relatively simple but nevertheless often unknown.
In addition the relatively low capital and operating costs involved make membrane processes an appealing alternative to more conventional separation processes, particularly when dealing with dilute solutions. Pressure driven membrane processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. The associated effects depend on the system being separated, the membrane structure, the nature of the electric field d. Pdf mass transfer in pressuredriven membrane separation. The pressure driven membrane processes are also used in forward osmosis applications, where they are used for draw solution recovery. Pressure driven membrane filtration processes ultrafiltration. Download free books at pressure driven membrane processes 4. The recovery of draw solutes by low pressuredriven membrane systems, e. Download transport mechanisms in membrane separation processes book or. Us20120175303a1 method and system for increasing recovery. The modes of operation of pressure driven membrane processes, concentration, diafiltration and purification, are also analysed. May 07, 20 separation of miscible liquids liquid is maintained at atmospheric pressure on the feed side of themembrane, and permeate is removed as a vapour because of a lowvapour pressure existing on the permeate side. Membrane pressure driven processes in water treatment. Membrane water treatment systems were originally used only in desalination projects.
But improvements in membrane technology have made them an increasingly popular choice for removing microorganisms, particulates, and natural organic materials that foul waters taste and taint its clarity. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Us87539b2 method and system for increasing recovery and. Flux, transmembrane pressure, osmotic pressure, osmotic pressure model, resistance towards mass transport, concentration polarization, gel layer model, and membrane fouling are all important terms that are explained and described. Fundamentals of pressuredriven membrane separation processes this chapter presents some basic concepts related to. In contrast to pressure driven membrane processes, e. Pressuredriven membrane filtration processes synder filtration. These current generation membranes are designed with highly permeable active layers which have high selectivity for water.
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